Urban Shaman
The Complete Inventory of Ritual Plants and Herbs of Cuba and America
By Jinn El-Masri
- Introduction
Modern practitioners of the Lukumi tradition which have branched out from Cuba to other parts of the world are children of a larger tree. In Nigeria, where its roots are born, the accessibility to medicinal and magical plants and herbs was far readily available and consistent with Yoruba practices. Due to the transatlantic slave trade, a new catalog of flora and fauna was made accessible. Certain plants were no longer available like the obi kola (cola acuminata or cola nitida) whose four lobes were used in divination. This was no major problem to the slaves who had migrated to the Caribbean who exchanged obi abata divination with four pieces of coconut (agbon). Now with the availability of transportation and commerce we find that the kola nut are in fact available within the states yet coconut is still used by practitioners. This development is an example of the evolution of the use of plants and fruits that assisted practitoners in their practice. Why the need to maintain this adaption is a rather interesting question to pose.
As culture and traditions evolve so do people but it is necessary to have a greater understanding of the knowledge our ancestors carried.
Osain the spirit of the forest was transported into a new land where practitioners sought out new uses of plants which were now available to them. Due to the humid and fertile ground that Cuba contained many plants were at their disposal.. As deforestation continues to take place on this planet and with the advent of global warming becoming increasingly daunting, it is now significantly important for practitioners to be sensitive to their consumption of plants for as our ancestors adapted to continue their traditions it is the responsibility of those who live in our modern world to prevent the extinction of the sacred plants and herbs which are striving to exist.
Walking around the neighborhood we can see plants that are eagerly try to reach the sun and with much effort grow through the cracks of our cement sidewalks. They are unfortunately passed off as simple weeds and are poisoned, shredded with lawn mowers and yanked from the place which is actually their own. It can be argued that mankind is insensitive in the way it chooses to grid itself over the land but if we no longer care about the possible inherent powers found in the plants of the earth then we are setting ourselves up for the loss of own spiritual integrity. Bledo blanco is a perfect example of one plant which is slowly disappearing. It usually grows on sidewalks and near light posts and because it is considered a weed it is yanked, poisoned, cut, trimmed and shred away. However, bledo blanco is in fact a wonderful plant with many uses, sacred to the orisha Obatala.
The purpose of this project is to share the medicinal and ritualistic uses of plants that are available in the Caribbean and the new world, to sustain the secrets of our ancestors and to prevent the overuse of one specific species of plant due to lack of a broadening of horizons on part of practitioners who at times are use to using only specific plants and herbs that they can readily recognize but not those which perhaps can serve much more efficiently with less consumption. We see this a lot with sage and palo santo. There are so many other options and the expansion of our understanding can contribute to an ecologically diverse world where nature remains sacred in its entirety and not only with specific plants.
Plants as I was taught should never be picked after the sun sets for the spirit of the earth is sleeping at this time. It is a delicate time for the spirit of the earth as it is regenerating for the following day’s exhalation of fresh oxygen into the earth’s atmosphere. The only exception to this rule is a flower which from my understanding is because they are already open and the spirit of the earth is still vibrant and active in the pistil and stem. Always gather roots BEFORE the plant has bloomed. Do not consume more then what you need. Do not pick plants while it is raining since this is the time the serpent god of ecology Ochumare is preparing to drink from the earth before transforming into a rainbow ensuring the strengthening of the spirit of the earth. Never pick plants that are in an area which have been sprayed with chemicals as this can make plants which would normally be consumable into a poisonous plant. Sweet and aromatic plants should always be picked right after sunrise and bitter plants should be picked right before sundown. Be sensitive to how your overconsumption can play a role in the loss of tradition for future generations and above all give back to the earth by planting and sprouting whatever you can. Last but not least ALWAYS make an offering at the foot of the plant or tree and give thanks for taking from it.
- Hegemony of the plant world
Osain was abandoned at birth as legend has it. Orunmila the god of divination found him and took him in. Since he was missing one leg, one arm and one eye he could not do very much around the ile (home) so Orunmila decided he had found the perfect task for Osain and placed him out in the garden to pull the weeds. Orunmila left Osain in the garden and went out into the world to prepare for his usual days of cleanings, magic and divination and when he returned Osain had not moved a single inch and to make matters worse not a single weed had been pulled. Orunmila was so angry he threatened to beat Osain. Osain yelled “Please do not beat me.” Orunmila looked down at the deformed Osain and in a thunderous voice boomed “Why should I not beat you Osain? You have not pulled a single weed which was making my garden look terrible.” Osain looked up at Orunmila and said “ I do not understand why you would want me to pull so many wonderful plants for this plant…” he said…”Is for swelling and this one is for malaria…this one is for fevers” and so on and so on Osain continued. It was at this moment that Orunmila realized the special gift that Osain had to recognize the power of the plants and forgave him. In time Osain was able to recognize the power of animals and minerals and all their inherent Ashe or power. Osain eventually taught the uses of plants, herbs, animals and minerals to the Yoruba people and the rest of the Orishas.
- Magical Vs. Medicinal
One of the fascinating aspects of afro-Cuban botany and ritualism is the ability to distinguish plants which are used specifically for magic and those which serve only medicinal purposes. However, you will find that plants which are medicinal tend to be also used in ritual and that there are those which are used in ritual but NOT used as medicine. That is because of the poisonous nature of some plants. It is obviously not intelligent to consume anything which is poisonous; therefore, the use is strictly ritual in nature. A perfect example of this is the plant iwereyeye also known in the states as the rosary bead plant. This is used according to Odu Ifa Odi Obarra to control a frantic state of indecision. The seeds from the plant are typically strung in to a necklace and word by the person who suffers from indecision so that the malady can be alleviated. This is attributed to the seeds colors which are half red and half black. “The peony doesn’t know if it wants to remain red or black” says the odu. Odi Obarra tells the tale of the rosary plant which is a vine and how half of the vine would yell “We are red!” while the other half would cry out “We are black”. This went back and forth for days on end until the frantic noise became so unbearable to the heavens that Olodumare or god almighty sent Shango the orisha of fire and lightning to investigate what was happening. When he reached the earth he heard the whining of the peony plant and scooped the seeds in his large hands letting out a thunderous noise saying “STOP!!! You are neither red nor black” and put them inside a gourd. “You are now in darkness” The peony seeds however made a new sound as this is the story of how the maraca was born and why it is used to salute Shango and Eleggua. This story teaches one to make up his or her mind so that it is not made up for you and so no one encapsulates or transforms you into something that you are not. The wearer of the peony necklace is said to dispel the negativity associated with indecision and thus spared of the same fate as the peony seeds.
We will now begin to look at every single plant herb and root used in the diaspora.
Acanthaceae
Blechum brownei Juss.
mazorquilla (bejuco mazorquilla)
H
R,M
Acanthaceae
Jacobinia mohintli Benth. & Hook.f.
árnica (+ derivative: tintura de arnica)
H
M,O
Acanthaceae
Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
tilo
H
M
Acanthaceae
Ruellia tuberosa L.
salta perico
H
R,M
Acanthaceae
Graptophyllum pictum Griff.
justicia (croton 2)
S,H
R,O
Agavaceae
Agave sp.
maguey
H
R,D,F
Agavaceae
Yucca elephantipes Hort. ex Regel
bayoneta (peregún)
H
R,O
Aizoaceae
Sesuvium microphylium Willd.
verdolaga de costa (yerba de vidrio)
H
R
Aizoaceae
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.
verdolaga de costa (yerba de vidrio)
H
R
Alliaceae
Allium sativum L.
ajo
H
R,M,C
Aloaceae
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.
sábila
H
R,M,O
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera L.
rabo de gato
H
R,M
Amaranthaceae
Alternanthera polygonoides R.Br. ex Sweet
tapon (sanguinaria)
H
R,M
Amaranthaceae
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC.
espanta muerto 1 (abrojo)
H
R
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus sp.
bledo colorado
H
R
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus spinosus L.
bledo espinoso
H
R
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus viridis L.
bledo blanco (bledo)
H
R,M,C
Ampelidaceae
Vitis vinifera L.
bejuco parra (parra)
S
R,M,S,C
Anacardiaceae
Anacardium occidentale L.
marañón
Se,S,F
R,M,C,LF
Anacardiaceae
Comocladia dentata Jacq.
guao (palo diablo, vete lejos 1, huyehuye)
S
R
Anacardiaceae
Mangifera indica L.
mango
S,H,F
R,M,C
Anacardiaceae
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
copal
H,S
M
Anacardiaceae
Spondias mombin L.
jobo
S,Se,H,R
R,M,LF
Anacardiaceae
Spondias purpurea L.
ciruela
F,H
R,M,C,LF
Annonaceae
Annona cherimolia Mill.
chirimoya
H,F,Se
R,M,C
Annonaceae
Annona glabra L.
palo bobo (palo bobo de Cuba, bagá, palo blanco)
S
R
Annonaceae
Annona muricata L.
guanabana
H,F
R,M,C
Annonaceae
Annona squamosa L.
anón (anón de ojo)
F,H
M,R,C
Annonaceae
Xylopia aethiopica A.Rich.
pimienta (eru)
F,Se
R
Annonaceae
Xylopia glabra L.
guabico
S
R
Annonaceae
Oxandra lanceolata Baill.
yaya
S
R
Apiaceae
Eryngium foetidum L.
culantro
H
M,Sp
Apiaceae
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
hinojo
H
R,M
Apiaceae
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman
perejil
H,R
R,M,Sp,Ca
Apocynaceae
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don
vicaria
Fl
M,O,T
Apocynaceae
Nerium oleander L.
adelfa
H
R,M,O,T
Apocynaceae
Tabernaemontana amblyocarpa Urb.
huevo de gallo
S,R,H
R,M,U
Apocynaceae
Thevetia peruviana K.Schum.
cabalonga (cinturita)
Se
R,M,A,O,T
Araceae
Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott
malanga
H
R,M,C
Araliaceae
Polyscias sp.
negro guapo
S
R,O
Arecaceae
Acrocomia crispa C.F.Baker ex Becc.
corojo (+ derivative: manteca de corojo)
Se,F
R,M,C,Ol
Arecaceae
Cocos nucifera L.
coco (+ derivative: manteca de coco)
F,R
R,M,A,C,Ol
Arecaceae
Copernicia baileyana León
yarey
H
R,F,A
Arecaceae
Copernicia curbeloi León *
yarey *
H
R,F,A
Arecaceae
Copernicia fallaensis León *
yarey *
H
R,F,A
Arecaceae
Copernicia textilis León *
yarey *
H
R,F,A
Arecaceae
Elaeis guineensis Jacq.
palma de aceite (ikinis, corojo de Güinea)
Se
R,M,Ol,A
Arecaceae
Roystonea regia O.F. Cook
palma real
S,R,RA
R,M,Ol,A,Ca,Ti,Ro
Asteraceae
Ambrosia hispida Pursh.
artemisa
H
R,M
Asteraceae
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
artemisa
H
R,M
Asteraceae
Ambrosia peruviana Willd.
artemisa alcanforada (artemisilla alcanforada)
H
R
Asteraceae
Artemisia absinthium L.
incienso (+ derivative: tintura de incienso)
H
R,M,T
Asteraceae
Bidens pilosa L.
romerillo
H
R,M,Ca
Asteraceae
Eclipta alba Hassk.
espanta muerto 2
H
R
Asteraceae
Eclipta prostrata L.
espanta muerto 2
H
R
Asteraceae
Eupatorium odoratum L.
rompezaragüey (+derivative: spiritual perfume)
S,H,R
R,M
Asteraceae
Eupatorium villosum Sw.
abre camino (+derivative: spiritual perfume)
S,H
R
Asteraceae
Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C.Mohr
yerba de la vieja
H
R,M
Asteraceae
Helenium quadridentatum Labill.
anís
H
M,R
Asteraceae
Helianthus annuus L.
girasol
Fl,Se
R,C,Ol,O
Asteraceae
Matricaria recutita L.
manzanilla alemana (manzanilla)
H
M
Asteraceae
Parthenium hysterophorus L.
escoba amarga
H,R
R,M
Asteraceae
Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass.
salvia (salvia de playa)
H,S
R,M
Asteraceae
Sonchus oleraceus L.
cerraja
H
R,M,C
Asteraceae
Wedelia rugosa Greenm. var. tenuis Greenm.
romerillo amarillo
H
R,M
Asteraceae
Vernonia havanensis DC.
rompezaragüey macho (tapa camino, madrina)
S
R
Asteraceae
Xanthium chinense Mill.
guizazo de caballos
R
R,M
Bignoniaceae
Crescentia cujete L.
güira (güira cimarrona, güira criolla + derivative: jarabe de güira)
F,H,S
R,M,A,MI
Bignoniaceae
Tabebuia angustata Britton
roble (roble de yugo, roble blanco)
S,H
R,Ti
Bignoniaceae
Tabebuia lepidophylla Greenm.
roble sabanero (rompe ropa)
S
R
Bignoniaceae
Tabebuia lepidota Britton
roble sabanero (rompe ropa)
S
R
Bignoniaceae
Tecoma stans Griseb.
saúco amarillo
H
R,M,O
Bixaceae
Bixa orellana L.
bija (achiote)
Se
R,M,Sp
Bombacaceae
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
ceiba (iroko)
S,R,H
R,M,Sy
Boraginaceae
Ehretia tinifolia L.
caguairán (quiebra hacha, roble prieto)
S
R,M,Ti
Boraginaceae
Cordia alba (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult.
ateje blanco (uva gomosa, uvita)
S,H
R,G
Boraginaceae
Cordia collococca L.
ateje
S
R,Ca
Boraginaceae
Cordia gerascanthus L.
varía
S,H,R
R,M,Ti
Boraginaceae
Cordia globosa Kunth
yerba de la sangre (palo negrito)
H,S
R,M
Boraginaceae
Heliotropium indicum L.
alacrancillo
H,S
R,M
Boraginaceae
Tournefortia hirsutissima L.
cayaya (cayaya hembra, nigua, mangasaya)
S
R,M
Brassicaceae
Lepidium virginicum L.
mastuerzo (sabelección)
H,R,S
R,M
Brassicaceae
Nasturtium officinale R.Br.
berro
H
R,M,C
Bromeliaceae
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.
piña
F
R,M,C,B
Bromeliaceae
Bromelia pinguin L.
piña de ratón (maya)
F,H
R,M,LF
Bromeliaceae
Tillandsia sp. (big varieties)
curujey
H,R
R,M,O
Bromeliaceae
Tillandsia usneoides L.
guajaca
H
R,M,O
Burseraceae
Bursera graveolens Triana & Planch.
sasafrás (ponte lejos)
S,H
R,M,LF
Burseraceae
Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg.
almácigo
S,H,C
R,M,Ti,O
Cactaceae
Harrisia eriophora (Pfeiff.) Britton
pitaya 1 (fruto amarillo)
F
R,C,O
Cactaceae
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose
pitaya 2 (fruto rojo)
F
R,M,Sp,O
Cactaceae
Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck
tuna mansa (tuna blanca)
T
R,M,O,C,LF
Cactaceae
Opuntia dillenii Haw.
tuna brava
T
R,M,O,LF
Caesalpinaceae
Bauhinia cumanensis Kunth
bejuco de tortuga (bejuco jicotea, palo cachimba, matrimonio)
S
R
Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam.
palo Brasil (brasil, brasilete)
S,H
M,Cl
Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.
guacalote amarillo
Se
R,A
Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia crista L.
guacalote gris (quita maldición 1)
Se,H,S
R,A
Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw.
guacamaya (framboyan enano, framboyan de jardin)
H
R,O,T
Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia vesicaria L.
palo negro (palo de campeche)
S
R
Caesalpiniaceae Cassia ligustrina L.
sen (sen del país)
H
R,M
Caesalpiniaceae Delonix regia (Bojer) Raf.
framboyán
H,S,F,Se,Fl R,S,O,A,MI
Caesalpiniaceae Poeppigia procera C.Presl
tengue
S
R
Caesalpiniaceae Senna alata (L.) Roxb.
guacamaya francesa (palo santo)
H,S
R,M,O
Caesalpiniaceae Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
guanina (yerba hedionda)
H,R,S
R,M
Caesalpiniaceae Tamarindus indica L.
tamarindo
R,S,F,H,C
R,M,C,B,A
Caesalpiniaceae Cassia emarginata L.
palo hediondo
S
R
Caesalpiniaceae Cassia fistula L.
cañafistola
F,H
M,A,O
Caesalpiniaceae Cassia grandis L.
cañandonga
F
M,R,A
Canellaceae
Canella winterana Gaertn.
palo malambo (malambo, canela de monte, cúrbana, mata/palo brujo, mayimbe)
S,H,R
R,M
Canellaceae
Cinnamodendron cubense Urb.
canela
S
R,M,Sp
Caprifoliaceae
Sambucus canadensis L.
saúco blanco
H
R,M
Caricaceae
Carica papaya L.
fruta bomba
H,F
R,M,C
Casuarinaceae
Casuarina equisetifolia L.
casuarina (also sold as pine)
S,H,R
R,M,S,W
Cecropiaceae
Cecropia schreberiana Miq.
yagruma (salpafuera)
H,S
R,M
Celastraceae
Cuervea integrifolia (A.Rich.) A.C.Sm.
amansaguapo
S,H
R
Celastraceae
Elaeodendron attenuatum A.Rich.
sangre de doncella
S
R,Ti
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
apasote
H
M,R,T
Clusiaceae
Calophyllum antillanum Britton
ocuje
S,H
R,O,A,Ti
Clusiaceae
Clusia rosea Jacq.
copey
S
R,O,S
Clusiaceae
Garcinia aristata (Griseb.) Borhidi *
manajú (jalajala) * (+derivative: decoction of leaves and tincture of resin)
S,H
R,M
Clusiaceae
Mammea americana L.
mamey de Santo Domingo
Se
R,M,C
Combretaceae
Bucida buceras L.
júcaro
S
R,M,A
Combretaceae
Bucida spinosa (Northr.) Jenn.
júcaro negro
S
R,M,A
Combretaceae
Conocarpus erectus L.
yana
S
R
Combretaceae
Laguncularia racemosa C.F.Gaertn.
patabán (mangle bobo)
H
R
Combretaceae
Quisqualis indica L.
espuela de gallo (piscuala)
S
R,M,C,O,Ty
Combretaceae
Terminalia catappa L.
almendra (almendro de la India + derivative: aceite de almendra)
H,Se,S,F
R,M,S,O
Commelinaceae
Commelina elegans Kunth
canutillo (canutillo morado, canutillo azul, canutillo blanco)
H
R,M
Commelinaceae
Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn
cordobán
H
R,M,O
Commelinaceae
Zebrina pendula Schnizl.
cucaracha
H
R,M,O
Connaraceae
Rourea glabra Kunth
mata negro (bejuco Baracoa)
S
R
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
boniato
H,F
R,M,C
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea crassicaulis B.L.Rob.
campana gallega (aguinaldo morada, vete de aqui, campanola)
H
R
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br.
boniato de playa
H
R
Convolvulaceae
Merremia discoidesperma (Donn.Sm.) O’Donell
tomate de mar (almorrana)
Se
R
Convolvulaceae
Merremia tuberosa Rendle
bejuco indio (indio trepador)
S
R,M,B,D
Convolvulaceae
Rivea corymbosa (L.) Hallier f.
aguinaldo blanco
H
R,M
Costaceae
Costus speciosus Sm.
caña mexicana (mejicana)
S,H
R,M,O
Crassulaceae
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz
siempre viva (progiosa, flor de aire)
H
R,M
Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbita maxima Lam.
calabaza
F,Se,Fl
R,M,C
Cucurbitaceae
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
güiro (güiro amargo)
F
R,A,MI
Cucurbitaceae
Luffa cylindrica M.Roem.
estropajo (friega plato)
F
R,M,U
Cucurbitaceae
Melothria guadalupensis Cogn.
meloncillo (pepino cimarrón)
H,F
R
Cucurbitaceae
Momordica charantia L.
cundeamor
H
R,M,T,Ca
Cupressaceae
Cupressus sp.
cipres
S,H
R,O
Cupressaceae
Juniperus barbadensis var. Lucayana (Britton) R.P.Adams
sabina (sabina de costa)
S
R,O,Ti
Cyperaceae
Cyperus alternifolius L.
sacu sacu (paragüita, quitasol chino, palo saco)
S,R,H
R,M,O
Dilleniaceae
Davilla rugosa Poir.
bejuco guara (bejuco guárana, bejuco colorado)
S
R
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea alata L.
ñame (ñame blanco)
R
R,C
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea pilosiuscula Bert.
ñame volador (palo volador)
F,S
R
Dracaenaceae
Sansevieria cfr. S. guineensis Willd.
lengua de vaca 1
H
R,O
Ebenaceae
Diospyros crassinervis (Krug & Urb.) Standl.
ebano carbonero (asabache, negrito)
S,H
R,A
Ebenaceae
Diospyros grisebachii (Hiern) Standl.
ebano real
S
R
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum havanense Jacq.
jibá (rompe roca 1)
S,R,H,C
R,M
Euphorbiaceae
Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum (Lodd.) Muell. Arg.
croton (negro bueno)
H,S
R,O
Euphorbiaceae
Croton glandulosus L.
anís cimarrón
H
R,M
Euphorbiaceae
Drypetes alba Poit.
palo hueso (hueso)
S
R
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia heterophylla L.
yerba lechosa
H
R
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia hirta L.
yerba lechera rastrera (yerba de la niña)
H
R,M
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia lactea Haw.
cardón
H
R,M,LF
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia milii Desmoul. ex Boiss.
corona de Cristo
H,Fl
R,O
22
Euphorbiaceae
Hippomane mancinella L.
manzanillo de costa (manzanillo de monte)
H
M,T
Euphorbiaceae
Hura crepitans L.
salvadera (+derivative: spiritual perfume)
H,S,F
R,M,A
Euphorbiaceae
Jatropha aethiopica Müll.Arg.
chaya (mata diabetes)
H
M
Euphorbiaceae
Jatropha curcas L.
piñón botija
H,S
R,LF
Euphorbiaceae
Jatropha gossypiifolia L.
tua túa
R,H,S,F
R,M
Euphorbiaceae
Jatropha multifida L.
nuez vómica cubana (piñón vómico)
H
R,O
Euphorbiaceae
Manihot esculenta Crantz
yuca
R
R,M,C
Euphorbiaceae
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit.
ítamo real
H,S
R,M,O,T
Euphorbiaceae
Pera bumelifolia Griseb.
jiquí
S
R,A
Euphorbiaceae
Phyllanthus nobilis Müll.Arg.
sangre de doncella
S
R,Ti
Euphorbiaceae
Ricinus communis L.
higuereta (blanca y morada)
Se,H,R
R,M,A,Ol,O
Fabaceae
Abrus precatorius L.
peonía
Se,H,R
R,A
Fabaceae
Aeschynomene americana L.
pega pega (pega pollo)
H,S
R,M
Fabaceae
Andira cubensis Benth.
yaba (tapa vista, palo tapa vista)
S,H
R
Fabaceae
Arachis hypogaea L.
maní
Se
R,M,C,Ol
Fabaceae
Brya ebenus DC.
granadillo
S
R,A
Fabaceae
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.
gandul
H,R
R,M,C
Fabaceae
Canavalia nitida Piper
mate rojo (mate colorado, cayajabo)
Se
R,M,A,MI
Fabaceae
Canavalia sp.
cayajabo
Se
R,M,A
Fabaceae
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth.
crica de negra
H,Fl
R
Fabaceae
Dalbergia brownei Schinz
bejuco péndola (péndola, pereira)
H,S
R
Fabaceae
Dalea domingensis DC.
ruda cimarrona
H
R,M
Fabaceae
Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC.
amor seco
H
R,M
Fabaceae
Erythrina berteroana Urb.
piñon de pito (piñon de cerca)
H
R,LF,Ty
Fabaceae
Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.
piñón florido (piñón amoroso, bien vestido, amor y celo, palo caminante)
S,H
R,LF,W,S
Fabaceae
Lonchocarpus domingensis DC.
guamá
S,R,H
R,M
Fabaceae
Mucuna pruriens DC.
pica-pica
F
R,T
Fabaceae
Mucuna urens (L.) DC.
ojo de buey
Se
R,A
Fabaceae
Pterocarpus osun Craib
osun
S
R
Fabaceae
Teramnus labialis (L.) Spreng
tripa de jutia
S
R
Fabaceae
Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
añil (+ derivative: tintura de añil)
R,H
R,M
Flacourtiaceae
Casearia alba A.Rich.
jía blanca
S
R
Flacourtiaceae
Casearia hirsuta Sw.
jía (jía brava/amarilla/colorado, raspalengua, trabalengua, pensamiento)
S
R
Flacourtiaceae
Zuelania guidonia (Sw.) Britton & Millsp.
guaguasí
S,H
R,M
Geraniaceae
Pelargonium graveolens L’Her.
geranio de olor (geranio)
S,H
R,M,O
Goetzeaceae
Espadaea amoena A.Rich.
rascabarriga (dominador)
S,H
R
Heliconiaceae
Heliconia caribaea Lam.
espada de Santa Barbara
Fl
R,O
Iridaceae
Neomarica caerulea (Ker Gawl.) Sprague
mano poderosa (mandelamina, mano pilon)
H
R,M,O
Lamiaceae
Hyptis pectinata Poit.
sargazo (sandoval, albahaca gigante)
H
R
Lamiaceae
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
sargazo (sandoval, albahaca gigante)
H
R
Lamiaceae
Mentha arvensis L.
menta japonesa
H
R,M
Lamiaceae
Mentha spicata L.
yerba buena
H
R,M,B,Sp
Lamiaceae
Mentha x piperita L.
torongil de menta
H
R,M
Lamiaceae
Ocimum basilicum L.
albahaca (albahaca blanca)
H
R,M,Sp
Lamiaceae
Ocimum anisatum Hort. ex Benth.
albahaca anisada
H
R,M,Sp
Lamiaceae
Ocimum gratissimum L.
albahaca de clavo (oregano oriental, palo clavo)
H
R,M,Sp
Lamiaceae
Ocimum sanctum L.
albahaca morada
H
R,M
Lamiaceae
Origanum majorana L.
mejorana
H
R,M
Lamiaceae
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng.
oregano francés (oregano guatacón)
H
M,Sp
Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus officinalis L.
romero (+ derivative: tintura de romero)
H,S
R,M,Sp
Lamiaceae
Teucrium cubense L.
agrimonia
H
M,R
Lamiaceae
Thymus vulgaris L.
tomillo
H
R,M,Sp
Lamiaceae
Vitex doniana Sweet
vence batalla (ofón)
S,H
R,O
Lamiaceae
Vitex multidens Urb.
chicharrón (from Santiago de Cuba)
S
R
Lamiaceae
Vitex trifolia L.
vencedor (palo vencedor)
S,H
R,O
Lamiaceae Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.
té de riñón
H
M
Lauraceae
Nectandra coriacea Griseb.
sigua (palo monte)
S
R
Lauraceae
Ocotea cuneata (Griseb.) M.Gómez
canelón
S
R,M
Lauraceae
Persea americana Mill.
aguacate
S,H,F
R,M,C
Loranthaceae
Dendrophthora sp.
palo caballero (caballero)
S
R
Lythraceae
Lagerstroemia indica L.
astronomía (júpiter)
S,H
R,O
Lythraceae
Lawsonia inermis L.
resedá
H
R,M
Malpighiaceae
Byrsonima crassifolia Steud.
peralejo (cambia/pierde rumbo, peralejos de monte, vete lejos 2, ponte lejos)
S
R
Malpighiaceae
Byrsonima roigii Urb.
peralejo de costa
H,S
R
Malpighiaceae
Byrsonima spicata A.Rich. ex A.Juss.
sangre de doncella
S
R,Ti
Malpighiaceae
Malpighia martinicensis Jacq.
palo bronco (bronco)
S
R
Malpighiaceae
Stigmaphyllon sagraeanum A.Juss.
bejuco San Pedro (bejuco sabanero, sarabanda)
S
R
Malvaceae
Abelmoschus esculentus Moench
quimbombo
F
R,C
Malvaceae
Abutilon sp.
botón de oro
H,S,Se
R,M,O
Malvaceae
Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth
yerba de aura (yerba de bruja, escoba de bruja)
H
R
Malvaceae
Gossypium barbadense L.
algodón
S,H,Se
R,M,I
Malvaceae
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.
mar pacífico
H,Fl,S
R,M,O,C
Malvaceae
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.
pasiflora (malvavisco)
H,Fl
M,O
Malvaceae
Malvaviscus sagraeanus A.Rich.
pasiflora (malvavisco)
H,Fl
M,O
Malvaceae
Sida rhombifolia L.
malva de cochino
H
R
Malvaceae
Talipariti elatum (Sw.) Fryxell
majagua
S,H,F,Fl,C R,M,Ti,O
Meliaceae
Azadirachta indica A.Juss.
neem (nin)
H,F
R,M,BC
Meliaceae
Cedrela odorata L.
cedro
S,H,C
R,M,Ti,A
Meliaceae
Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer
yamagua (yamao)
S,H
R,M
Meliaceae
Melia azedarach L.
paraíso
H,Se,S,F
R,M,BC
Meliaceae
Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.
caoba
S
R,Ti,S
Meliaceae
Trichilia havanensis Jacq.
siguaraya (tumba tumba)
S,H,R,C
R,M
24
Meliaceae
Trichilia hirta L.
cabo de hacha (guabán)
S,H
R,M,Ti
Memecylaceae
Mouriri valenzuelana A.Rich.
torcido (palo torcido, matrimonio)
S
R
Mimosaceae
Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd.
arbol del cuerno
S
R
Mimosaceae
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.
aroma amarilla (vira mundo 2)
S,H
R,M
Mimosaceae
Acacia paniculata Willd.
tocino
S
R
Mimosaceae
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn.
marabú (arrasa con todo, barre con todo, viramundo, aroma, busca lio)
S,H
R,W
Mimosaceae
Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb.
oreja de Judío
S
R,S,A
Mimosaceae
Leucaena glauca (Willd.) Benth.
aroma blanca
H,S
R,Ca
Mimosaceae
Lysiloma latisiliqua Benth.
sabicú
S,H
R,M,Ti
Mimosaceae
Mimosa pudica L.
dormidera
H,S
R,M
Mimosaceae
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.
tamarindo chino (quita maldición 2, inga dulce, inga habana)
H
R,O,S
Mimosaceae
Pithecellobium hyptrii Benth. & Hook. f.
palo biajaca
S
R
Mimosaceae
Pithecellobium arboreum (L.) Urb.
moruro (moruro rojo)
S,Se,H
R,M,O
Mimosaceae
Pithecellobium tortum Mart.
cocuyo (humo, humo de sabana, palo cenizo, azulejo)
S
R
Mimosaceae
Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
algarrobo (arbol del silencio, armonía, firmeza, atractivo)
S,H,R
R,S,Ti
Mimosaceae
Entada scandens (L.) Benth.
boja (poja, coracon de Changó)
Se
R,A
Mimosaceae
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.
algarrobo de olor (músico, algarobillo, guitana, firmeza, atractivo, tengue)
S,H
R,O
Moraceae
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg
arbol del pan
F
R,M,C
Moraceae
Chlorophora tinctoria (L.) Gaudich. ex Benth. & Hook.f.
fustete
S
R,M
Moraceae
Ficus carica L.
higo
H
R,C
Moraceae
Ficus crassinervia Desf.
jagüey macho (yo puedo más que tú, abracamundo, rompe roca 2)
S,H,R
R,O
Moraceae
Ficus microcarpa L.
laurel (laurel de la india, jagüey)
S,H
R,S,O
Moraceae
Ficus pumila L.
yedra (jaguey trepador, hiedra)
H
R,M,O
Moraceae
Ficus religiosa L.
álamo
S,H
R,M,O
Moraceae
Pseudolmedia spuria Griseb.
macagua
S
R
Moraceae
Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb.
palo Ramón (ramón de bestia, ramón de caballos)
S
R
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lam.
palo jeringa (palo geringa, paraiso francés, tilo, ben, palo nefritico)
S,H,Fl
R,M,O
Musaceae
Musa sapientum L.
platano indio
F
R,M,C
Musaceae
Musa sp. cfr.M. x paradisiaca L.
platano (manzano)
F
R,M,C
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus sp.
eucalyptus
H,S
M,Ti,W
Myrtaceae
Eugenia aeruginea DC.
comecará (mije)
H
R,C
Myrtaceae
Eugenia axillaris Willd.
guairaje (tate quieto, estate quieto)
S,H
R
Myrtaceae
Eugenia floribunda Spreng. ex DC.
mije
S
R
Myrtaceae
Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.
pimienta dulce (pimienta de Jamaica)
Se,H
R,M,B,Sp
Myrtaceae
Psidium guajava L.
guayaba
S,H,F
R,M,C,Ca
Myrtaceae
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston
pomarrosa (desvarate)
S
R,C
Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia erecta L.
tostón (atipolá)
H
R
Nyctaginaceae
Boldoa purpurascens Cav.
nitro
H
M
Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis jalapa L.
maravilla (pimienta india)
H,Se,R
R,M,O
Nyctaginaceae
Pisonia aculeata L.
zarza (sal si puedes)
S,H
R
Oleaceae
Jasminum sambac Hortus Kew. (W. Aiton)
diamela (jazmin diamela)
H,Fl
R,O
Oleaceae
Jasminum azoricum L.
jazmin de oriza (jazmin de las Azores)
S,Fl
R
Oleaceae
Jasminum officinale L.
jazmin de cinco hojas
Fl
R,M,O
Oleandraceae
Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott
helecho espada (helecho macho)
H
R,O
Onagraceae
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven
espanta muerto amarillo (clavellina)
H
R
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis violacea L.
trebol (vinagrio)
S
R
Papaveraceae
Argemone mexicana L.
cardo santo
H,Se
R,M,Ca
Passifloraceae
Passiflora incarnata L.
maracuyá (flor de la pasion)
H,F
R,M,O,B,C
Pedaliaceae
Sesamum indicum L.
ajonjoli
Se
R,M,C
Phytolaccaceae
Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H.Walter
guaniquiqui (guaniquí, bejuco de canasta)
S
R,A
Phytolaccaceae Petiveria alliacea L.
anamú
H,R
R,M
Phytolaccaceae Rivina humilis L.
ojo de raton
H
R
Pinaceae
Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea *
pino macho * (+ derivative: tintura de pino macho)
S,R,H,C
R,M,Ti,B,A,Ar
Piperaceae
Peperomia pellucida Kunth
corazón de hombre (yerba de la plata, pecho de paloma)
H
R,M
Piperaceae
Piper aduncum L.
platanillo de Cuba (canilla de muerto, guayuyo)
H,S,R
R,M
Piperaceae
Piper auritum Sieber ex Kunth
caisimón de anís
H,R
R,M
Piperaceae
Piper nigrum L.
pimienta negra (pimienta china)
Se
R,Sp
Plantaginaceae
Plantago major L.
llantén
H
R,M,O
Plumbaginaceae Plumbago capensis Thunb.
embeleso
S,H
R,O
Poaceae
Bambusa vulgaris Nees
caña brava
R,S,H
R,A,O
Poaceae
Anatherum zizanioides Hitchc. & Chase
vetiver
H,R
R,M
Poaceae
Arthrostylidium capillifolium Griseb.
tibisí (tibisí grande)
S,H
R
Poaceae
Arundo donax L.
caña de castilla
Fl
R,A
Poaceae
Panicum maximum Jacq.
yerba de Guinea
H
R,Ca
Poaceae
Coix lacryma-jobi L.
santa Juana (Lagrimas de Job)
Se
R,A
Poaceae
Cymbopogon citratus Stapf
caña santa (cañuela santa)
H
S,M
Poaceae
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
yerba fina (grama, greña)
H
R,Ca
Poaceae
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.
pata de gallina
H
R,Ca
Poaceae
Panicum miliaceum L.
millo 1 (blanco)
Se
R,Ca
Poaceae
Panicum purpurascens Opiz
paraná (yerba bruja, yerba paral, yerba de pará, yerba paraná)
R,H
R,M
Poaceae
Panicum sp.
millo 2 (negro)
Se
R,Ca
Poaceae
Phalaris canariensis L.
alpiste
Se
R,Ca
Poaceae
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
millo 3 (mas popular)
Se
R,Ca
Poaceae
Sorghum vulgare Pers.
millo 3 (mas popular)
Se
R,Ca
Poaceae
Zea mays L.
maíz
Se
R,M,C,A
Polygonaceae
Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.
coralillo rosado (aguinaldo rosado)
H,Fl
R,M
Polygonaceae
Coccoloba uvifera L.
uva caleta
S,H
R,M,C,B
Polypodiaceae
Polypodium aureum L.
calaguala
H
R,M,O
Polypodiaceae
Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt
doradilla
R,H
M
Portulacaceae
Portulaca oleracea L.
verdolaga
H
R,M,C
Punicaceae
Punica granatum L.
granada
H,F
R,M,C
Rhamnaceae
Colubrina ferruginosa Brongn.
bijáguara (palo fuego)
S
R,A
Rhamnaceae
Colubrina reclinata Brongn.
jayajabico
H,S
R,M
Rhamnaceae
Gouania polygama Urb.
bejuco jaboncillo (bejuco leñatero)
S,H
M,R,B,D
Rhamnaceae
Krugiodendron ferreum Urb.
carey de costa
S
R
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora mangle L.
mangle rojo (mangle colorado)
S,R,C
M,B
Rosaceae
Lauro-ceracus occidentalis M.Roem.
cuajaní
S,H
M
Rosaceae
Rosa sp.
rosa
Fl,S
R,O
Rubiaceae
Calycophyllum candidissimum DC.
dagame (camarón)
S
R,M,A
Rubiaceae
Casasia clusiifolia Urb.
guayaba de costa
S
R
Rubiaceae
Chiococca alba Hitchc.
bejuco de berraco (bejuco verraco, bejuco cochino)
S,R
R,M
Rubiaceae
Coffea arabica L.
café
F,S
R,M,B
Rubiaceae
Erithalis fruticosa L.
cuaba prieta (cuaba negra/roja, justicia, guachinango, cambia pensamiento)
S
R
Rubiaceae
Genipa americana L.
jagua
S
R
Rubiaceae
Guettarda calyptrata A.Rich.
contraguao (tapa vista, guayabillo de costa, tiembla tierra)
S
R,M
Rubiaceae
Hamelia patens Jacq.
ponasi (para mi, ven a mi)
S,H,R
R,M
Rubiaceae
Morinda citrifolia L.
noni (arbol del queso, mora de la india)
F,H
M
Rubiaceae
Morinda royoc L.
palo garañón (garañón, bejuco Congo, bejuco indio 2, levantate, levanta)
R,S,H
R,M,B
Rubiaceae
Psychotria brownei Spreng.
palo moro
S
R
Rubiaceae
Psychotria obovalis A.Rich.
palo moro
S
R
Rubiaceae
Spermacoce tenuior L.
garro blanco
H
R,M
Rutaceae
Amyris balsamifera L.
cuaba blanca (cuaba, huyehuye)
S
R
Rutaceae
Amyris elemifera L.
cuaba amarilla (cuaba de monte, cambia voz/camino, cambia pensamiento 2)
S
R
Rutaceae
Citrus aurantifolia Swingle
limón (limón criollo)
H,F,R,S
R,M,B,Sp
Rutaceae
Citrus aurantium L.
naranja agria
F,H
R,M,C,B,Sp
Rutaceae
Citrus reticulata Blanco
mandarina
H
R,M,C
Rutaceae
Citrus sinensis Osbeck
naranja dulce
F,H
R,M,C,B
Rutaceae
Glycosmis heterophylla A.Rich.
limoncillo
S
R
Rutaceae
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack
muraya (mirto)
H,S
R,M,O
Rutaceae
Ruta graveolens L.
ruda
H
R,M
Rutaceae
Zanthoxylum martinicense DC.
ayúa (siete rayos)
S
R
Rutaceae
Zanthoxylum pistacifolium Griseb.
palo vencedor del monte (matrimonio)
S
R
Sapindaceae
Allophylus cominia Sw.
palo de caja (caja)
S,H
R,M
Sapindaceae
Blighia sapida Kon.
seso vegetal
F
R
Sapindaceae
Cupania cfr.C. cubensis M.Gómez & Molinet
guara (jalajala, cambia camino, cambia rumbo)
S
R
Sapindaceae
Exothea paniculata Walp.
palo mulato
S
R
Sapindaceae
Matayba oppositifolia Britton
macurije (huye huye)
S
R
Sapindaceae
Melicocca bijuga L.
mamoncillo
F,H
R,M,C
Sapindaceae
Sapindus saponaria L.
jaboncillo (saco saco, mate negro)
S,H,Se
R,D
Sapindaceae
Serjania diversifolia Radlk.
bejuco zarzaparrilla
S,H,R
R,M
Sapindaceae
Thouinidium pulverulentum Radlk.
palo caimán
S
R
Sapotaceae
Achras sapota L.
níspero (sapote)
H,F,Se
R,C
Sapotaceae
Chrysophyllum cainito L.
caimito (doble cara)
S,H,F
R,M,C,S
Sapotaceae
Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. subsp. oliviforme
caimitillo
S,F,H,R
R,M,C
Sapotaceae
Dipholis salicifolia A.DC.
sangre de doncella
S
R,Ti
Sapotaceae
Manilkara albescens (Griseb.) Cronquist
ácana
S
R,A
Sapotaceae
Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni
canistel
F,Se,H,S
R,C,Ca
Sapotaceae
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore & Stearn
mamey colorado
Se,H,F
R,M,C,S
Sapotaceae
Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq.
jocuma
S
R
Sapotaceae
Sideroxylon salicifolium C.F.Gaertn.
cuyá
S
R
Scrophulariaceae Angelonia pilosella J.Kickx
pensamiento (fernandina)
H
R,O
Scrophulariaceae Capraria biflora L.
magüiro (majuito)
H
R
Simaroubaceae
Picramnia pentandra Sw.
aguedita (rompe hueso, palo amargo, quinina del pais)
S,H
R,M
Smilacaceae
Smilax domingensis Willd.
raíz de China (zarzaparilla)
R,S
M,B
Smilacaceae
Smilax havanensis Jacq.
bejuco tocino
S
R
Solanaceae
Brugmansia arborea (L.) Lagerh.
campana blanca (arbol de la bibijagua)
H,S
R,T
Solanaceae
Capsicum frutescens L.
ají picante (aji guaguao)
F
R,M,C
Solanaceae
Cestrum diurnum L.
galán de día
H
R,O
Solanaceae
Cestrum nocturnum L.
galán de noche
H
R,O
Solanaceae
Datura metel L. var. muricata
chamico (chamico blanco)
H,Fl
R,M,T
Solanaceae
Nicotiana sp.
tabaco cimarrón
H
R
Solanaceae
Solanum mammosum L.
güirito de pasión (pechos de señorita, pechitos de doncella)
F
R
Solanaceae
Solanum nigrum L.
yerba mora
Se,H
R,M
Solanaceae
Solanum torvum Sw.
pendejera (pendenciera)
H,S,R
R,M
Solanaceae
Solanum verbascifolium L.
pendejera macho
H
R
Sterculiaceae
Cola acuminata Schott & Endl.
kolá (cola, obi)
F,Se
R,M
Sterculiaceae
Guazuma tomentosa Kunth
guasima (caminante)
S,H,R,C
R,M
Sterculiaceae
Sterculia apetala H.Karst.
anacagüita
S,H
R,M,C,S
Sterculiaceae
Theobroma cacao L.
cacao (+ derivative: manteca de cacao)
Se
R,M,C,Ol,B
Sterculiaceae
Waltheria americana L.
malva blanca
R,H
R,M
Theophrastaceae Jacquinia aculeata Mez in Urb.
espuela de caballero
S
R
Tiliaceae
Muntingia calabura L.
capulí (guasimilla)
S
R,C
Tiliaceae
Corchorus siliquosus L.
malva té
H,R
R,M
Turneraceae
Turnera ulmifolia L.
marilope
H,F
R,M,O
Urticaceae
Fleurya cuneata (A.Rich.) Wedd.
ortiguilla (ortiga)
R,H
R,M
Urticaceae
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm.
frescura (llovisnita)
H
R,M,O
Urticaceae
Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich.
chichicate
R,H,S
R,M
Valerianaceae
Valeriana officinalis L.
valeriana (+ derivative: tintura de valeriana)
H
R,M
Verbenaceae
Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq.
lengua de vaca 2 (lengua de mujer)
H
R,M
Verbenaceae
Aloysia triphylla Royle
yerba Luisa
R
R,M
Verbenaceae
Citharexylum fruticosum L.
canilla de venado (sangre de doncella, penda)
S
R,Ti
Verbenaceae
Citharexylum caudatum L.
palo guitarra (penda, roble amarillo)
S
R,M,A
Verbenaceae
Duranta repens L.
no me olvides
S,H
R,O
Verbenaceae
Lantana camara L.
rompecamisa
H,S
R,O
Verbenaceae
Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson
menta americana (quita olor)
H,S
R,M
Verbenaceae
Lippia dulcis Trevir.
orozuz (orozuz de la tierra)
H
R,M
Verbenaceae
Lippia micromera Schauer
oreganito
H
M,Sp
Verbenaceae
Phyla strigulosa (M.Martens & Galeotti) Moldenke
fosforito (yerba de sapo, tapa camino, quita maldición 3)
H
R,Ca
Verbenaceae
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl
verbena cimarrona (verbena azul)
H
R,M
Viscaceae
Phoradendron sp.
palo caballero (caballero)
S
R
Vitaceae
Cissus sicyoides L.
bejuco ubí
S,H
R,M
Zingiberaceae
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum.
pimenta de Guinea
Se
R
Zingiberaceae
Alpinia speciosa D.Dietr.
colonia (cojate)
H
R,M,O
Zingiberaceae
Curcuma longa L.
cúrcuma
R
M,Sp
Zingiberaceae
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
jengibre (gengibre)
R,H
R,M,Sp,B
Zygophyllaceae
Guaiacum officinale L.
guayacán
S
R,M,A
Zygophyllaceae
Kallstroemia maxima Wight & Arn.
abrojo terrestre (abrojo)
H
R
* :in the Cuban Red List
Part used: C: cortex, F: fruit, Fl: flor, H: herb or leaves, S: stick (stem,vein,branch) R: root, Se: seed, RA: raceme axis
Use: M: medicinal, R: ritual, C: consumable, O: ornamental, A: artwork, Sp: spice, Cl: colouring agent, S: shadower,
LF: living fence, MI: musical instrument, Ti: timber, T: toxic, Ol: oil, B: beverage, I: industrial, Ca: consumable for animals,
G: glue, D: detergent, F: fibre, W: wood, Sy: symbol, U: utensil, BC: biological control, Ro: roofer, Ar: aromatic, Ty: toy